Management of postop cardiac surgery patients cardiac surgery. The montreal protocol has, contributed to a significant drop in total global production and consumption of ozone depleting substances used in agricultural, consumer and industrial sectors around the world. Corporate value chain scope 3 standard online course. The montreal protocol has been both groundbreaking and complex for a number of reasons. Ozone layer is an environmental treaty adopted by the inter national community to protect human health. The multilateral fund for the implementation of the montreal protocol the multilateral fund was the first financial mechanism to be created under an international treaty. The montreal protocol 2014 what changes will it bring. The tokyo convention was said to be out of date, ineffective and too easily avoided to empower airlines to take remedial actions against unruly passengers per iatas joint position calling for states to ratify the montreal protocol 2014 to deter unruly passenger incidents and promote a safer air travel experience for all, page 1. This brochure is jointly prepared by the secretariats of the montreal protocol on substances that deplete the ozone layer and the international plant protection convention to bring together information on the issue of methyl bromide with respect to its application for quarantine and preshipment purposes which is an area of mutual concern to. The montreal battery for the evaluation of amusia mbea. Representatives celebrate the adoption of the kigali amendment on october 15, 2016 in kigali, rwanda, which agrees to phase. India, us agree to amend montreal protocol to phase down hfcs. Frequently asked questions and answers the 20th anniversary of the montreal protocol on substances that deplete the ozone layer general science questions 1 what is the ozone layer and where is it in the atmosphere.
Developing countries import of halons gairuzazmi ghani international islamic university malaysia abstract base on the model of legal and illegal trade in cfc from ivanova 2007, this paper empirically analyzes the affects of the montreal protocol on imports of halons, and hence their consumption, in developing countries. Montrealguide 2 money 3 communication 4 holidays 5 transportation 6 food 8 eventsduringtheyear 9 thingstodo 10 dosanddonots 11 activities 15 emergencycontacts generalemergencynumber. Handbook for the montreal protocol on substances that. Montreal protocol sustainable development knowledge. The montreal protocol on substances that deplete the ozone layer the montreal protocol is an international agreement made in 1987. Holidays 5 january1newyearsday goodfridayfridaybeforeeasterday. Worlds best powerpoint templates crystalgraphics offers more powerpoint templates than anyone else in the world, with over 4 million to choose from. When youre done, you can download your montreal travel guide to your phone or tablet, or print it as a pdf. The montreal protocol on substances that deplete the ozone layer. Handbook for the montreal protocol on substances that deplete the. Theyll give your presentations a professional, memorable appearance the kind of sophisticated look that todays audiences expect. The international treaty called the montreal protocol on substances that deplete the ozone layer montreal protocol exit is gradually eliminating the production and consumption of ozone depleting substances to limit their damage to the earths ozone layer.
This phaseout plan includes both the production and consumption of ozonedepleting substances. Complemented in 1991 by the establishment of its dedicated financial mechanism, the multilateral fund for the implementation of the montreal protocol mlf, the protocol has set the standard for cooperative and concerted global environmental partnership. The contribution of remote sensing in the scientific work leading up to the establishment of the montreal protocol and the monitoring of its success is discussed by cracknell and varotsos 2009, part of a special issue of the international journal of remote sensing volume 30, nos. India became its signatory member on 19th june 1992. The montreal protocol on substances that deplete the ozone layer is the most successful global environmental agreement in history. The fund, which is being hosted in montreal by canada, is celebrating its 25th anniversary this year. Justice provisions became characteristics of the kyoto regime because while the developed countries are primarily responsible for climate change due to their historical emissions 14, the ldcs bear the burdens more 15. Organization, montreal, with the kind support of the government of canada, from 14 to 16 september 1987. Traktat ini terbuka untuk ditandatangani pada 16 september 1987 dan berlaku sejak 1 januari 1989.
The montreal protocol the montreal protocol on substances that deplete the ozone layer is an international treaty designed to protect the ozone layer by phasing out the production of numerous substances believed to be responsible for ozone depletion. The montreal protocol is signed by 197 countries the first treaty in the history of the united nations to achieve universal. It is usually hailed as a giant step forward thoms 3 because the global community identified a problem, and agreed to reduce the causes in this. Bel, geo, mne, tur, kaz, ukr russian federation montreal protocol focal. Originally signed in montreal by 24 countries, including canada, the montreal protocol is regarded as one of the most successful multilateral agreements. One of its most important features is the dynamic process in which the controlling of all ozonedepleting substances is based on the latest scientific, technological and economic information. Montreal protocol on substances that deplete the ozone.
From the above arguments, it is evident that juscannz were rationallycharged while eu and ldcs were justiceseeking. Decisions of the meetings of the parties to the montreal protocol. Noncompliant parties participate in the development of plans of action that contain time specific benchmarks for ensuring their prompt return to compliance. Key achievements of the montreal protocol in the past 20 years. The montreal protocol is signed by 197 countries the first treaty in the history. Icao legal seminar, nairobi, kenya tan siew huay ms 28 november 2017. Immediate postop orders post cardiac surgery transfer orders heart transplant orders heart transplant. It was created under the montreal protocol in 1990 to provide financial assistance to developing countries to help them phase out their use of ozone depleting substances.
Montreal protocol, international treaty, adopted in montreal on sept. Protokol montreal adalah meas yang sangat berjaya bukan sahaja pada peringkat antarabangsa malah turut berjaya pada. The montreal protocol and its implications for climate change. Montrealguide 2 money 3 communication 4 holidays 5 transportation 6 food 8 eventsduringtheyear 9 thingstodo 10 dosanddonots 11 activities 15. More than 9 out of 10 fortune 500 companies reporting to cdp use ghg protocol. The montreal protocol on substances that deplete the ozone layer a protocol to the vienna convention for the protection of the ozone layer is an international treaty designed to protect the ozone layer by phasing out the production of numerous substances that are responsible for ozone depletion. The protocol includes trade provisions that preclude parties from trading in. Sejak itu, traktat ini telah mengalami lima kali revisi yaitu pada 1990 di london, 1992 di. Leveraging worldwide participation, the montreal protocol has sent clear signals to the global market and placed the ozone layer, which was in peril, on a. The vienna convention and montreal protocol a history of strong action.
Why the montreal protocol is the most successful climate agreement ever. Protection of the ozone layer, it is the most universally ratified multilateral environmental agreement. Learn vocabulary, terms, and more with flashcards, games, and other study tools. Protokol montreal dan pembangunan lestari protokol montreal merupakan salah satu daripada perjanjian alam sekitar pelbagai hala meas yang bertujuan menyelesaikan masalah atmosfera global malaysia, 1995.
Under the beijing amendment 1999, parties to the montreal protocol are required to provide the ozone secretariat. Arabic, chinese, english, french, russian and spanish. Icu protocols critical care medicine mcgill university. The montreal protocol on substances that deplete the ozone.
All you have to do is select the type of places youd like to include restaurants, museums, etc. This convenient, selfpaced course teaches business professionals how to account for. Thus, amended montreal protocol which was initially conceived only to plug gases that were destroying the ozone layer now includes hfcs responsible for global warming. For each group or annex of chemicals, the treaty sets out a timetable for the phaseout of production and consumption of those substances, with the aim of eventually eliminating them completely. It has achieved the elimination of the large majority of ods and, as a result, the ozone layer is on a path to recovery. The montreal protocol is the international treaty on protection of ozone layer from the ozone depleting substances and to phaseout its production and consumption by 1 january 2010.
Spreadsheet to calculate proposed a5 and na5 hfc consumption baselines version 2 submission by new zealand. Draft discussion paper amending the montreal protocol. It provides financial and technical support for developing countries to comply with the montreal protocols obligations. The montreal protocol on substances that deplete the ozone layer is a landmark international agreement designed to protect the stratospheric ozone layer. The kigali amendment amends the 1987 montreal protocol that was designed to close growing ozone hole in by banning ozonedepleting coolants like chlorofluorocarbons cfcs. Since its entry into force, the montreal protocol has phased out over 98 percent of the worlds consumption of ozonedepleting substances. Winner of the standing ovation award for best powerpoint templates from presentations magazine. The montreal protocol has proven to be innovative and successful, and is the first treaty to achieve universal ratification by all countries in the world. In the context of international environmental treaties, the montreal protocol has seen unparalleled success. The importance of the montreal protocol in protecting climate article pdf available in proceedings of the national academy of sciences 10412. Key achievements of the montreal protocol in the past 20 years while much more remains to be accomplished before we can assure the protection of the ozone layer for future generations, the parties to the montreal protocol have accomplished a great deal in the 20 years of its existence. Costs and benefits of montreal protocol to the united states in billions of 1985 dollars no controls montreal protocol unilateral implementation of montreal protocol by the united states benefits 3,575 1,373 costs 21 21 net benefits 3,554 1,352. Montreal protocol and its implications for climate change. Layer montreal protocol is an international agreement made in 1987, which has achieved.
Handbook for the montreal protocol on substances that deplete the ozone layer seventh edition 2006 unep ozone secretariat united nations environment programme. Montreal protocol on substances that deplete the ozone layer. The montreal protocol, which was adopted in 1987 and entered into force in 1989, limits the consumption and production of ozonedepleting substances. The ozone layer is a part of the earths atmosphere that has relatively high levels of ozone o3. Copenhagen protocol the parties to this protocol, being parties to the united nations framework convention on climate change, hereinafter referred to as the convention, in further pursuit of the ultimate objective of the convention as stated in its article 2, recalling the provisions of the convention.
International actions the montreal protocol on substances. Sementara itu pengganti protokol ini sudah diadopsi pada cop ke21 unfccc tahun 2015 di paris, perancis melalui paris agreement 2015 yang akan ditandatangi mulai tahun 2016 hingga 2017. The montreal protocol center for climate and energy solutions. Pdf the 1987 montreal protocol on substances that deplete the ozone layer is a landmark agreement that has successfully reduced the global production. Further information on alternatives to ozone depleting substances the text of this report is composed in times new roman. Algeria, argentina, australia, austria, belgium, brazil, burkina faso. Protokol montreal adalah sebuah traktat internasional yang dirancang untuk melindungi lapisan ozon dengan meniadakan produksi sejumlah zat yang diyakini bertanggung jawab atas berkurangnya lapisan ozon. Concluded at montreal on 16 sep tember 1987 authentic texts. This comprehensive handbook outlines all amendments and decisions. Ppt montreal protocol powerpoint presentation free to.
Immunosuppressive protocol heart transplant immunosuppressive protocol for patients with renal dysfunction pancreas transplant postoperative orders liver transplant postoperative orders intravenous heparin protocol heparin. This treaty came in to force in 1987 which was ratified by 197 countries. The treaty was originally signed in 1987 and substantially amended in 1990 and 1992. Developed under the management of the united nations environment programme in 1987 came into force on january 1989 the montreal protocol and the vienna convention the framework agreement from which the protocol was born were the first. Pdf the importance of the montreal protocol in protecting climate.
Montreal protocol on substances that deplete the ozone layer with annex. The montreal protocol protecting the earths ozone layer youtube. The montreal protocols financial mechanism that includes a multilateral fund is the first of its kind to be established. Hfc baseline calculation tool using teap business as usual bau scenarios submission by federated states of micronesia. Ozone is a gas that is naturally present in our atmosphere, and it is found. Issues for discussion by and information for the attention of the twenty eighth meeting of the parties to the montreal protocol. It has also generated climate benefits as some of these substances are greenhouse gases, too. Protokol montreal tentang bahan yang merusak lapisan ozon sebagai yang disesuaikan dan diamendemen oleh rapat ke dua london, 2729 juni 1990 pp. The montreal protocol on substances that deplete the. Celebrating 20 years of environmental progress ozone layer and climate protection donald kaniaru on. The montreal protocol european commission europa eu. Greenhouse gas protocol provides standards and tools that help countries and cities track progress toward climate goals.
In canada and around the world, the montreal protocol regulates the production and consumption of almost 100 substances that deplete the ozone layer, the earths atmospheric shield that prevents uv radiation from harming humans and other forms of life. All states were invited to participate in the conference the following states accep,ted the invitation and participated in the conference. In canada and around the world, the montreal protocol regulates the production and consumption of. The montreal protocol has succeeded in halting the damage to the ozone layer, and is helping the world take a major step forward in the battle against climate change. The montreal protocol on substances that deplete the ozone layer is a global agreement to protect the earths ozone layer by phasing out the chemicals that deplete it. Montreal protocol on substances that deplete the ozone layer report of the unep technology and economic assessment panel march 2016 decision xxvii4 task force report. View montreal protocol research papers on academia. Initially signed by 46 countries, the treaty now has nearly 200 signatories. Protokol montreal merupakan salah satu multilateral environmental.
Alb, arm, azb, bih, cro, kyr, mdn, mol, rus, ser, taj, tkm, uzb countries invited to designate focal points. Pdf dari kyoto protocol 1997 ke paris agreement 2015. Why the montreal protocol is the most successful climate. The montreal protocol and its implications for climate change october 2009 executive summary in the context of international environmental treaties, the montreal protocol has seen unparalleled success. Turning 30 this month, the montreal protocol was a landmark environmental success that serves as a model for addressing other problems, although it also has some unfinished business. Singh said in the original proposal put forward by india there was no freeze year, but in the morning we had given a position that we can have a freeze year at 2030. The montreal protocol on substances that deplete the ozone layer 1 preamble the parties to this protocol, being parties to the vienna convention for the protection of the ozone layer, mindful of their obligation under that convention to take appropriate measures to protect human health and the environment against. It was designed to stop the production and import of ozone depleting substances and reduce their concentration in the atmosphere to help protect the earths ozone layer. The montreal protocol is an international treaty designed to protect the ozone layer by phasing.
Copyright 2008 environmental law institute, washington, dc. Amending the montreal protocol to include a phase down of hfc emissions will benefi t the planet as well as the countries that produce and consume products that use hfcsthis includes the protocols article 5 parties such as india, china, th ailand, and others. This protocol shall be subject to ratification by the signatory states. After 1 march 1988, the protocol shall be open for signature to all states in london, moscow, washington and montreal, until it enters into force in accordance with article vi.
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